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Choosing the best extension cord for an appliance, tool, or piece of equipment will not only make your job easier, but the right extension cord will make it safer and protect your equipment. Learn how to match extension cord specifications, amperage, and length to your equipment, and get tips for using extension cords safely.
When purchasing an extension cord,you'll notice four key measurements: gauge, amperage, wattage, and length. Understanding these factors and their interrelationship will help you find the best extension cord for your device or appliance.
The extension cord gauge indicates the thickness of the wire. A smaller number indicates a thicker wireand alarger number indicates a thinner wire.In general, an extension cord with a smaller gauge number carries more current than a similar extension cord with alarger gauge number.
Amperage is measured in amps and indicates the maximum current that a wire can safely carry.Theamperage rating of the cord should be equal to or greater than the current drawn by the equipment while in use.
Wattage measures the amount of energy a cord can safely carry. Like amperage, extension cords need to be able to deliver a wattage equal to or greater than the equipment they power.
Length is akey factor in the amount of current and power a cord can carry. Longer cords create more resistance and cannotcarry the sameamount of current and watts as a shorter cord of the same gauge. For example, a 100-foot extension cord would needto have a lower gauge number to safely carry the same current and energy as a 25-foot extension cord.
While this may seem likea basic factor, one of the first choicesyou'll need to make when buying an extension cord is between an indoor extension cord and an outdoor extension cord. Understanding how they compare will help you make the right choice.
Indoor extension cords are typically 6 to 15 feet long, but lengths vary. Because indoor equipment does nottypically draw high amperage, these extension cords are usually light to medium duty, with gauges between 18 and 14, and have less insulation than outdoor extension cords. Indoor extension cords are available grounded (three-pronged plug) or ungrounded (two-pronged plug).Indoor extension cords arenot suitable for exposure to sunlight, humidity, and wide temperature variations.
Outdoor extension cords have a thicker layer of insulation that protects against humidity, temperature changes, and UV rays from sunlight. Some extension cords may have insulation or jacketing that allows them to remain flexible when temperatures drop below freezing. Outdoor extension cords are typically available in 25, 50, and 100-foot lengths in lower gauges, usually 16 to 10, with amperage ratings of 10 to 30 or higher. Outdoor extension cords are groundedcords with a three-pronged plug that includes a grounding pin.The plug and connector end canbe illuminatedto visually confirmthat the cordis energized.
Some cords are suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Indoor/outdoor extension cords are typically 10, 25, 50, or 100 feet long. Wire gauge numbers are in the middle range, usually 14 to 10, and amp ratings are 10 to 30.
The best and safest way to match an extension cord to a tool, appliance, or other piece of equipment is to check the power and amperage requirements of the equipment and purchase an extension cord that functions above and beyond those requirements. We have some general tips for selecting extension cords for different usesbut always rely on equipment manuals and card information.
Depends on the actual amperage and rating of the cord:
A 25-foot, 16-gauge cord can be used for hedge trimmers or jigsaws that draw up to 12 amps.
The 25-foot, 14-gauge cord can be used with lawnmowers and power tools that draw 12 to 15 amps.
The 25-foot, 12-gauge cord can be used with circularsaws and table saws that draw 15 to 20 amps.
The 25-foot, 10-gauge cord can be used with tools that draw 15 to 20 amps.
Depends on the actual amperage and power rating of the cord:
50 ft.16 gauge cord can be used with space heaters or jigsaws up to 12 amps.
The 50-foot, 14-gauge cord can be used with a drill or sander that draws 12 to 15 amps.
50-foot, 12 gauge cord can be used with circular saws and grinders drawing 15 to 20 amps.
50 ft,10 gauge cord can be used with hammer drills, circular saws, and industrial machinery drawing 15 to 20 amps.
Depends on the actual amperage and power rating of the cord:
The 100-foot,16-gauge cord can be used with fans andbasic power tools up to 6 amps.
The 100-foot,14-gauge cord can be used with routers or sanders that draw 6 to 12 amps.
The 100-foot, 12-gauge cord can be used with a grinder or table saw that draws 12 to 15 amps.
100 ft,10 gauge cord can be used with compressors and chainsaws that draw 15 to 20 amps.
You will see extension cords thatare designated as appliance extension cords. Appliance extension cordstend to be heavy-duty, low-gauge cords rated at 15 to 40 amps. They will have thick insulation and may have plug configurations that match the specialized electrical outlets of appliances such as clothes dryers.Some can also be used with welders and electric vehicle (EV) charging systems.
Generator extension cords connect your electrical equipment to a portable generator. Generator cordstend to be highly insulated, low-gauge (10-gauge to 6-gauge) cords rated at 30 to 50 amps. Some extension cords have plug configurationsthatare specifically designed for use with high-amperage outlets on generators. RV (recreational vehicle) extension cords will have a similar design.
Safe use of extension cords first requires that you match therating of the cord to the specifications of your tool or equipment. While the information above will give you a general idea of which power cord is appropriate for which piece of equipment, you must always check the equipment manual or specifications to find the right extension cord or to confirm that you can use an extension cord.We've provided some safety tips below, but always follow the power cord device specifications and safety instructions.
Use the correct type of cord. Use an indoor extension cord indoors. If you need an extension cord to power an outdoor device, use an outdoor-specific cord.
Note the type of plug.If your tool or equipment has a 3-pin grounded plug, use a grounded extension cord. If the equipment plug is a 2-pin ungroundedplug, you can use a grounded or ungrounded extension cord.
Do not exceed the wattage or amp rating of the extension cord. If the device draws more amperage than the extension cord can carry, it may overheat, causing damage to the extension cord or even a fire. A mismatch between the extension cord and the device could also mean that your device is not getting the power it needs, resulting in poor performance or even damageto the device.
Ifyou notice that the extension cord is hot, stop using it and unplug it.
Do not overload the extension cord.Do not connectmore than one device unless the extension cordis designed to connect more than onedevice. Remember that all connected devices will be operatingat the same time, and make sure that the extension cord and power outlet are rated to handle the load of all devices.
Do not use damaged cords. Check the extension cord before using it. Damaged plugs, connectors,cords, or insulation create a risk of fire, electric shock, and burns.
Use a GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) receptacle to connect the extension cordwhen working in wet or watery areas. Use them when working outdoors and in places such as bathrooms, kitchens, garages, basements, and confined spaces. Some outdoor extension cords have built-in GFCI protection.
Be aware of possible trip hazards caused by extension cords. Keep them as far away from sidewalks as possibleandmake sure they are easy to see and safe.
Do not cover extension cords with carpeting, tarps, etc. Covering the cord may cause overheating.
Do not connect multiple extension cords. Use a single, longer extension cord.
How do I know what gauge extension cord to use?Thegauge of the extension cord should match the power requirements of the devices you intend to use.For high-powered devices, choose a lower gauge number (thicker wire), such as 12-gauge.For lighter tasks, a higher gauge number (thinner wire), like 16-gauge, is sufficient.
Can I use an indoor extension cord outdoors? No, indoor extension cords are not designed to withstand outdoor conditions and can pose a safety hazard. Always use cords rated for outdoor use when working outside.
What is a GFCI extension cord? A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) extension cord includes a built-in device that shuts off power if an imbalance in the current is detected, preventing electric shocks and improving safety, especially in wet conditions.
How can I prevent voltage drop in a long extension cord? To minimize voltage drop, use a thicker gauge cord for longer distances. Keep the cord length as short as possible for your needs and avoid overloading the cord with high-draw devices.
What should I do if my extension cord gets damaged? Immediately stop using a damaged extension cord and replace it. Using a damaged cord can lead to electrical shocks, fires, anddamage to your devices.
Are extension cords with multiple outlets safe to use? Yes, as long as the total power draw does not exceed thecord’s rating.Ensure that the extension cordisproperly rated forthe combined amperage of all devices plugged intoit.
Choosing the best extension cord involves understanding the specifications and features that match your needs.By considering factors such as gauge, length, usage environment, and safety features, you can select a cord that provides reliable and safe power delivery. Whether for home, office, industrial, or outdoor use, the right extension cord ensures efficiency and safety, helping you power your devices effectively.
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